Percentage of total deaths due to NCDs 1) Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) 2) Cancers 3) Chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) 4) Diabetes 5) Other NCDs 6) Injuries and 7) Communicable, maternal, perinatal and nutritional conditions.
Latest year: 2021
NCDs are estimated to account for
68%  of all deaths.
Total population
113 100 000
Percentage of total deaths due to NCDserror_outline
Percentage of total deaths due to NCDs
Percentage of total deaths due to NCDs overall and percentage of total deaths due to 7 main categories (5 different NCD categories plus 2 non-NCD categories which together total all deaths)
Latest year: 2021
68%
×
Percentage of total deaths due to NCDs
Latest data available: 2021
Title:
Percentage of total deaths due to NCDs overall and percentage of total deaths due to 7 main categories (5 different NCD categories plus 2 non-NCD categories which together total all deaths)
Definition:
Percentage of total deaths due to NCDs overall and percentage of total deaths due to: 1) cardiovascular diseases, 2) cancer 3) chronic respiratory diseases, 4) diabetes (including deaths from chronic kidney disease due to diabetes), 5) other NCDs, 6) injuries and 7) communicable, maternal, perinatal and nutritional conditions.
Estimation method:
Source: WHO Global Health Estimates (GHE). Detailed methods are available online (https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/gho-documents/global-health-estimates/ghe2019_cod_methods.pdf?sfvrsn=37bcfacc_5) and summarized below.
For countries with a high-quality vital registration system including information on cause of death, the vital registration that Member States submit to the WHO Mortality Database were used, with adjustments where necessary, e.g. for under-reporting of deaths, unknown age and sex, and ill-defined causes of deaths. For countries without high-quality death registration data, cause of death estimates are calculated using other data, including household surveys with verbal autopsy, sample or sentinel registration systems, special studies. These estimates represent the best estimates of WHO, computed using standard categories, definitions and methods to ensure cross-country comparability, and may not be the same as official national estimates. Due to changes in input data and methods, the revisions of GHE are not comparable to previously published WHO estimates.
Total NCD deathserror_outline
Total NCD deaths
Total NCD deaths
Latest year: 2021
622 232
×
Total NCD deaths
Latest data available: 2021
Title:
Total NCD deaths
Definition:
Number of deaths due to all noncommunicable diseases.
Estimation method:
Source: WHO Global Health Estimates (GHE). Detailed methods are available online (https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/gho-documents/global-health-estimates/ghe2019_cod_methods.pdf?sfvrsn=37bcfacc_5) and summarized below.
For countries with a high-quality vital registration system including information on cause of death, the vital registration that Member States submit to the WHO Mortality Database were used, with adjustments where necessary, e.g. for under-reporting of deaths, unknown age and sex, and ill-defined causes of deaths. For countries without high-quality death registration data, cause of death estimates are calculated using other data, including household surveys with verbal autopsy, sample or sentinel registration systems, special studies. These estimates represent the best estimates of WHO, computed using standard categories, definitions and methods to ensure cross-country comparability, and may not be the same as official national estimates. Due to changes in input data and methods, the revisions of GHE are not comparable to previously published WHO estimates.
Probability of premature mortality from NCDserror_outline
Probability of premature mortality from NCDs
Probability (%) of dying between age 30 and exact age 70 from any of cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory diseases (SDG indicator 3.4.1)
Latest year: 2021
32%
×
Probability of premature mortality from NCDs
Latest data available: 2021
Title:
Probability (%) of dying between age 30 and exact age 70 from any of cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory diseases (SDG indicator 3.4.1)
Definition:
Percentage of 30-year-old-people who would die before their 70th birthday from any of cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes or chronic respiratory diseases, assuming that s/he would experience current mortality rates at every age and s/he would not die from any other cause of death (e.g. injuries or HIV/AIDS).
Estimation method:
Probability of death between exact age 30 and exact age 70 was calculated using cause-specific mortality rates in each 5-year age group and standard life table methods. The estimates are derived from the WHO Global Health Estimates (GHE) (https://www.who.int/data/global-health-estimates).
Probability (%) of dying between age 30 and exact age 70 from any of cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory diseases (SDG indicator 3.4.1)
Definition:
Percentage of 30-year-old-people who would die before their 70th birthday from any of cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes or chronic respiratory diseases, assuming that s/he would experience current mortality rates at every age and s/he would not die from any other cause of death (e.g. injuries or HIV/AIDS).
Estimation method:
Probability of death between exact age 30 and exact age 70 was calculated using cause-specific mortality rates in each 5-year age group and standard life table methods. The estimates are derived from the WHO Global Health Estimates (GHE) (https://www.who.int/data/global-health-estimates).
Probability (%) of premature death
Range Slider
2000
2005
2010
2015
2020
2025
2030
Total
Males
Females
Past trends
Projected Trendserror_outline
Estimated projections for NCD indicators
Projections of NCD mortality and risk factor data
Latest year: 0
Full description
×
Estimated projections for NCD indicators
Latest data available: 0
Title:
Projections of NCD mortality and risk factor data
Definition:
Projections of NCD mortality and risk factor indicators with time-series data for estimating future country attainment of targets.
Estimation method:
Projections were generated based on the methods used for the projections of the WHO Global Programme of Work (GPW13) indicators. For glucose, mortality, alcohol and salt projections, eight models were considered: random walk with trend (RW2), autoregressive (AR1), exponential smoothing, Holt’s linear trend, Holt’s linear trend (damped), flat extrapolation, linear extrapolation and annual average rate change extrapolation. As described in further detail in the GPW13 methodology document, models were tested using existing data, with part of these serving as test data. To determine which model performed best, the following statistical metrics were used: RMSE (root mean squared error), MAE (mean absolute error), MdAE (median absolute error), MASE (median absolute scaled error) and CBA (confidence bound accuracy: percentage of test points that lie within the predicted confidence intervals). Using all of these metrics, the best model was selected independently for each indicator and then used to project data to 2025 or 2030. For tobacco use, a Bayesian negative binomial meta-regression was used to fit trendlines and project to 2025. Projections are predominantly based on data from before the COVID-19 pandemic and are not adjusted for any possible impact on trends the pandemic may have had. Adult prevalence of obesity, prevalence of insufficient activity were projected assuming trends since 2010 continue. To do so, a regression was fit for each Bayesian model iteration, country and sex, with the probit of age-standardized prevalence as the dependent variable, and year as the independent variable. The regression was used to predict age-standardized prevalence for each model iteration, country, sex and projection year. The projected values shown are the mean of all Bayesian iterations for the country, sex and projection year. For obesity, on-track status was assessed based on the proportion of iterations for which the regression coefficient was less than or equal to zero, which is the posterior probability that the trend in age-standardized prevalence was flat or decreasing. Each country-sex was considered on track if the posterior probability of a flat or decreasing trend was greater than 0.5. For insufficient physical activity, each sex and country were considered on-track if the projected value for 2030 was less than 85% of the estimated value for 2010. For both obesity and insufficient physical activity, countries were further categorized by the likelihood that past trends were sufficient to meet the target. Raised blood pressure was projecting using a similar method, with the exception that regressions were fit for each country and sex.
Global Target
Country comparison
Probability of premature mortality from NCDserror_outline
Probability of premature mortality from NCDs
Probability (%) of dying between age 30 and exact age 70 from any of cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory diseases (SDG indicator 3.4.1)
Latest year: 2019
Full description
WorldRegion
Probability (%) of premature death
Percentage of total deaths due to NCDserror_outline
Percentage of total deaths due to NCDs
Percentage of total deaths due to NCDs overall and percentage of total deaths due to 7 main categories (5 different NCD categories plus 2 non-NCD categories which together total all deaths)
Latest year: 2021
Full description
68 %
×
Percentage of total deaths due to NCDs
Latest data available: 2021
Title:
Percentage of total deaths due to NCDs overall and percentage of total deaths due to 7 main categories (5 different NCD categories plus 2 non-NCD categories which together total all deaths)
Definition:
Percentage of total deaths due to NCDs overall and percentage of total deaths due to: 1) cardiovascular diseases, 2) cancer 3) chronic respiratory diseases, 4) diabetes (including deaths from chronic kidney disease due to diabetes), 5) other NCDs, 6) injuries and 7) communicable, maternal, perinatal and nutritional conditions.
Estimation method:
Source: WHO Global Health Estimates (GHE). Detailed methods are available online (https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/gho-documents/global-health-estimates/ghe2019_cod_methods.pdf?sfvrsn=37bcfacc_5) and summarized below.
For countries with a high-quality vital registration system including information on cause of death, the vital registration that Member States submit to the WHO Mortality Database were used, with adjustments where necessary, e.g. for under-reporting of deaths, unknown age and sex, and ill-defined causes of deaths. For countries without high-quality death registration data, cause of death estimates are calculated using other data, including household surveys with verbal autopsy, sample or sentinel registration systems, special studies. These estimates represent the best estimates of WHO, computed using standard categories, definitions and methods to ensure cross-country comparability, and may not be the same as official national estimates. Due to changes in input data and methods, the revisions of GHE are not comparable to previously published WHO estimates.
% of all deaths
Range Slider
2000
2005
2010
2015
2020
2025
2030
Total
Males
Females
Past trends
Projected Trendserror_outline
Estimated projections for NCD indicators
Projections of NCD mortality and risk factor data
Latest year: 0
Full description
×
Estimated projections for NCD indicators
Latest data available: 0
Title:
Projections of NCD mortality and risk factor data
Definition:
Projections of NCD mortality and risk factor indicators with time-series data for estimating future country attainment of targets.
Estimation method:
Projections were generated based on the methods used for the projections of the WHO Global Programme of Work (GPW13) indicators. For glucose, mortality, alcohol and salt projections, eight models were considered: random walk with trend (RW2), autoregressive (AR1), exponential smoothing, Holt’s linear trend, Holt’s linear trend (damped), flat extrapolation, linear extrapolation and annual average rate change extrapolation. As described in further detail in the GPW13 methodology document, models were tested using existing data, with part of these serving as test data. To determine which model performed best, the following statistical metrics were used: RMSE (root mean squared error), MAE (mean absolute error), MdAE (median absolute error), MASE (median absolute scaled error) and CBA (confidence bound accuracy: percentage of test points that lie within the predicted confidence intervals). Using all of these metrics, the best model was selected independently for each indicator and then used to project data to 2025 or 2030. For tobacco use, a Bayesian negative binomial meta-regression was used to fit trendlines and project to 2025. Projections are predominantly based on data from before the COVID-19 pandemic and are not adjusted for any possible impact on trends the pandemic may have had. Adult prevalence of obesity, prevalence of insufficient activity were projected assuming trends since 2010 continue. To do so, a regression was fit for each Bayesian model iteration, country and sex, with the probit of age-standardized prevalence as the dependent variable, and year as the independent variable. The regression was used to predict age-standardized prevalence for each model iteration, country, sex and projection year. The projected values shown are the mean of all Bayesian iterations for the country, sex and projection year. For obesity, on-track status was assessed based on the proportion of iterations for which the regression coefficient was less than or equal to zero, which is the posterior probability that the trend in age-standardized prevalence was flat or decreasing. Each country-sex was considered on track if the posterior probability of a flat or decreasing trend was greater than 0.5. For insufficient physical activity, each sex and country were considered on-track if the projected value for 2030 was less than 85% of the estimated value for 2010. For both obesity and insufficient physical activity, countries were further categorized by the likelihood that past trends were sufficient to meet the target. Raised blood pressure was projecting using a similar method, with the exception that regressions were fit for each country and sex.
Global Target
Country comparison
Percentage of total deaths due to NCDserror_outline
Percentage of total deaths due to NCDs
Percentage of total deaths due to NCDs overall and percentage of total deaths due to 7 main categories (5 different NCD categories plus 2 non-NCD categories which together total all deaths)
Latest year: 2019
Full description
WorldRegion
% of all deaths
Percentage of NCD deaths occurring under 70 yearserror_outline
Percentage of NCD deaths occurring under 70 years
Premature deaths due to noncommunicable diseases (NCD) as a proportion of all NCD deaths (%)
Latest year: 2021
Full description
63 %
×
Percentage of NCD deaths occurring under 70 years
Latest data available: 2021
Title:
Premature deaths due to noncommunicable diseases (NCD) as a proportion of all NCD deaths (%)
Definition:
Deaths due to noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) among people aged below 70 years, as a percentage of NCD deaths among all ages.
Estimation method:
Source: WHO Global Health Estimates (GHE). Detailed methods are available online (https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/gho-documents/global-health-estimates/ghe2019_cod_methods.pdf?sfvrsn=37bcfacc_5) and summarized below.
For countries with a high-quality vital registration system including information on cause of death, the vital registration that Member States submit to the WHO Mortality Database were used, with adjustments where necessary, e.g. for under-reporting of deaths, unknown age and sex, and ill-defined causes of deaths. For countries without high-quality death registration data, cause of death estimates are calculated using other data, including household surveys with verbal autopsy, sample or sentinel registration systems, special studies. These estimates represent the best estimates of WHO, computed using standard categories, definitions and methods to ensure cross-country comparability, and may not be the same as official national estimates. Due to changes in input data and methods, the revisions of GHE are not comparable to previously published WHO estimates.
% of NCD deaths
Range Slider
2000
2005
2010
2015
2020
2025
2030
Total
Males
Females
Past trends
Projected Trendserror_outline
Estimated projections for NCD indicators
Projections of NCD mortality and risk factor data
Latest year: 0
Full description
×
Estimated projections for NCD indicators
Latest data available: 0
Title:
Projections of NCD mortality and risk factor data
Definition:
Projections of NCD mortality and risk factor indicators with time-series data for estimating future country attainment of targets.
Estimation method:
Projections were generated based on the methods used for the projections of the WHO Global Programme of Work (GPW13) indicators. For glucose, mortality, alcohol and salt projections, eight models were considered: random walk with trend (RW2), autoregressive (AR1), exponential smoothing, Holt’s linear trend, Holt’s linear trend (damped), flat extrapolation, linear extrapolation and annual average rate change extrapolation. As described in further detail in the GPW13 methodology document, models were tested using existing data, with part of these serving as test data. To determine which model performed best, the following statistical metrics were used: RMSE (root mean squared error), MAE (mean absolute error), MdAE (median absolute error), MASE (median absolute scaled error) and CBA (confidence bound accuracy: percentage of test points that lie within the predicted confidence intervals). Using all of these metrics, the best model was selected independently for each indicator and then used to project data to 2025 or 2030. For tobacco use, a Bayesian negative binomial meta-regression was used to fit trendlines and project to 2025. Projections are predominantly based on data from before the COVID-19 pandemic and are not adjusted for any possible impact on trends the pandemic may have had. Adult prevalence of obesity, prevalence of insufficient activity were projected assuming trends since 2010 continue. To do so, a regression was fit for each Bayesian model iteration, country and sex, with the probit of age-standardized prevalence as the dependent variable, and year as the independent variable. The regression was used to predict age-standardized prevalence for each model iteration, country, sex and projection year. The projected values shown are the mean of all Bayesian iterations for the country, sex and projection year. For obesity, on-track status was assessed based on the proportion of iterations for which the regression coefficient was less than or equal to zero, which is the posterior probability that the trend in age-standardized prevalence was flat or decreasing. Each country-sex was considered on track if the posterior probability of a flat or decreasing trend was greater than 0.5. For insufficient physical activity, each sex and country were considered on-track if the projected value for 2030 was less than 85% of the estimated value for 2010. For both obesity and insufficient physical activity, countries were further categorized by the likelihood that past trends were sufficient to meet the target. Raised blood pressure was projecting using a similar method, with the exception that regressions were fit for each country and sex.
Global Target
Country comparison
Percentage of NCD deaths occurring under 70 yearserror_outline
Percentage of NCD deaths occurring under 70 years
Premature deaths due to noncommunicable diseases (NCD) as a proportion of all NCD deaths (%)
Latest year: 2019
Full description
WorldRegion
% of NCD deaths
NCD age-standardized death rateerror_outline
NCD age-standardized death rate per 100 000 population
Age-standardized death rate for NCDs
Latest year: 2021
Full description
868 per 100 000 population
×
NCD age-standardized death rate (per 100 000 population)
Latest data available: 2021
Title:
Age-standardized death rate for NCDs
Definition:
Age-standardized death rate (per 100 000 population) for noncommunicable diseases.
Estimation method:
Source: WHO Global Health Estimates (GHE). Detailed methods are available online (https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/gho-documents/global-health-estimates/ghe2019_cod_methods.pdf?sfvrsn=37bcfacc_5) and summarized below.
For countries with a high-quality vital registration system including information on cause of death, the vital registration that Member States submit to the WHO Mortality Database were used, with adjustments where necessary, e.g. for under-reporting of deaths, unknown age and sex, and ill-defined causes of deaths. For countries without high-quality death registration data, cause of death estimates are calculated using other data, including household surveys with verbal autopsy, sample or sentinel registration systems, special studies. These estimates represent the best estimates of WHO, computed using standard categories, definitions and methods to ensure cross-country comparability, and may not be the same as official national estimates. Due to changes in input data and methods, the revisions of GHE are not comparable to previously published WHO estimates.
Deaths per 100 000 population
Range Slider
2000
2005
2010
2015
2020
2025
2030
Total
Males
Females
Past trends
Projected Trendserror_outline
Estimated projections for NCD indicators
Projections of NCD mortality and risk factor data
Latest year: 0
Full description
×
Estimated projections for NCD indicators
Latest data available: 0
Title:
Projections of NCD mortality and risk factor data
Definition:
Projections of NCD mortality and risk factor indicators with time-series data for estimating future country attainment of targets.
Estimation method:
Projections were generated based on the methods used for the projections of the WHO Global Programme of Work (GPW13) indicators. For glucose, mortality, alcohol and salt projections, eight models were considered: random walk with trend (RW2), autoregressive (AR1), exponential smoothing, Holt’s linear trend, Holt’s linear trend (damped), flat extrapolation, linear extrapolation and annual average rate change extrapolation. As described in further detail in the GPW13 methodology document, models were tested using existing data, with part of these serving as test data. To determine which model performed best, the following statistical metrics were used: RMSE (root mean squared error), MAE (mean absolute error), MdAE (median absolute error), MASE (median absolute scaled error) and CBA (confidence bound accuracy: percentage of test points that lie within the predicted confidence intervals). Using all of these metrics, the best model was selected independently for each indicator and then used to project data to 2025 or 2030. For tobacco use, a Bayesian negative binomial meta-regression was used to fit trendlines and project to 2025. Projections are predominantly based on data from before the COVID-19 pandemic and are not adjusted for any possible impact on trends the pandemic may have had. Adult prevalence of obesity, prevalence of insufficient activity were projected assuming trends since 2010 continue. To do so, a regression was fit for each Bayesian model iteration, country and sex, with the probit of age-standardized prevalence as the dependent variable, and year as the independent variable. The regression was used to predict age-standardized prevalence for each model iteration, country, sex and projection year. The projected values shown are the mean of all Bayesian iterations for the country, sex and projection year. For obesity, on-track status was assessed based on the proportion of iterations for which the regression coefficient was less than or equal to zero, which is the posterior probability that the trend in age-standardized prevalence was flat or decreasing. Each country-sex was considered on track if the posterior probability of a flat or decreasing trend was greater than 0.5. For insufficient physical activity, each sex and country were considered on-track if the projected value for 2030 was less than 85% of the estimated value for 2010. For both obesity and insufficient physical activity, countries were further categorized by the likelihood that past trends were sufficient to meet the target. Raised blood pressure was projecting using a similar method, with the exception that regressions were fit for each country and sex.
Global Target
Country comparison
NCD age-standardized death rateerror_outline
NCD age-standardized death rate per 100 000 population
Age-standardized death rate for NCDs
Latest year: 2019
Full description
WorldRegion
Deaths per 100 000 population
Risk factors
Total alcohol per capita consumptionerror_outline
Total alcohol per capita consumption litres
Total alcohol per capita (15+) consumption (in litres of pure alcohol) (SDG Indicator 3.5.2)
Latest year: 2019
Full description
6.2 litres
×
Total alcohol per capita consumption (litres)
Latest data available: 2019
Title:
Total alcohol per capita (15+) consumption (in litres of pure alcohol) (SDG Indicator 3.5.2)
Definition:
Total APC is defined as the total (sum of three-year average recorded and three-year average unrecorded APC, adjusted for three-year average tourist consumption) amount of alcohol consumed per adult (15+ years) over a calendar year, in litres of pure alcohol. Recorded alcohol consumption refers to official statistics (production, import, export, and sales or taxation data), while the unrecorded alcohol consumption refers to alcohol which is not taxed and is outside the usual system of governmental control. Tourist consumption takes into account tourists visiting the country and inhabitants visiting other countries. Positive figures denote alcohol consumption of outbound tourists being greater than alcohol consumption by inbound tourists, negative numbers the opposite. Tourist consumption is based on UN tourist statistics.
Estimation method:
Recorded alcohol per capita (15+) consumption of pure alcohol is calculated as the sum of beverage-specific alcohol consumption of pure alcohol (beer, wine, spirits, other) from different sources: the first priority in the decision tree is given to government statistics; second are country-specific alcohol industry statistics in the public domain based on interviews or field work (GlobalData (formerly Canadean), IWSR-International Wine and Spirit Research, Wine Institute, historically World Drink Trends), or data from the International Organisation of Vine and Wine (OIV); third is the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations' statistical database (FAOSTAT); and fourth is data from alcohol industry statistics in the public domain based on desk review. For countries, where the data source is FAOSTAT the unrecorded consumption may be included in the recorded consumption. As from the introduction of the "Other" beverage-specific category, beer includes malt beers, wine includes wine made from grapes, spirits include all distilled beverages, and other includes one or several other alcoholic beverages, such as fermented beverages made from sorghum, maize, millet, rice, or cider, fruit wine, fortified wine.
Range Slider
2000
2005
2010
2015
2020
2025
2030
Total
Males
Females
Past trends
Projected Trendserror_outline
Estimated projections for NCD indicators
Projections of NCD mortality and risk factor data
Latest year: 0
Full description
×
Estimated projections for NCD indicators
Latest data available: 0
Title:
Projections of NCD mortality and risk factor data
Definition:
Projections of NCD mortality and risk factor indicators with time-series data for estimating future country attainment of targets.
Estimation method:
Projections were generated based on the methods used for the projections of the WHO Global Programme of Work (GPW13) indicators. For glucose, mortality, alcohol and salt projections, eight models were considered: random walk with trend (RW2), autoregressive (AR1), exponential smoothing, Holt’s linear trend, Holt’s linear trend (damped), flat extrapolation, linear extrapolation and annual average rate change extrapolation. As described in further detail in the GPW13 methodology document, models were tested using existing data, with part of these serving as test data. To determine which model performed best, the following statistical metrics were used: RMSE (root mean squared error), MAE (mean absolute error), MdAE (median absolute error), MASE (median absolute scaled error) and CBA (confidence bound accuracy: percentage of test points that lie within the predicted confidence intervals). Using all of these metrics, the best model was selected independently for each indicator and then used to project data to 2025 or 2030. For tobacco use, a Bayesian negative binomial meta-regression was used to fit trendlines and project to 2025. Projections are predominantly based on data from before the COVID-19 pandemic and are not adjusted for any possible impact on trends the pandemic may have had. Adult prevalence of obesity, prevalence of insufficient activity were projected assuming trends since 2010 continue. To do so, a regression was fit for each Bayesian model iteration, country and sex, with the probit of age-standardized prevalence as the dependent variable, and year as the independent variable. The regression was used to predict age-standardized prevalence for each model iteration, country, sex and projection year. The projected values shown are the mean of all Bayesian iterations for the country, sex and projection year. For obesity, on-track status was assessed based on the proportion of iterations for which the regression coefficient was less than or equal to zero, which is the posterior probability that the trend in age-standardized prevalence was flat or decreasing. Each country-sex was considered on track if the posterior probability of a flat or decreasing trend was greater than 0.5. For insufficient physical activity, each sex and country were considered on-track if the projected value for 2030 was less than 85% of the estimated value for 2010. For both obesity and insufficient physical activity, countries were further categorized by the likelihood that past trends were sufficient to meet the target. Raised blood pressure was projecting using a similar method, with the exception that regressions were fit for each country and sex.
Global Target
Country comparison
error_outline
litres
Total alcohol per capita (15+) consumption (in litres of pure alcohol) (SDG Indicator 3.5.2)
Latest year: 2021
Full description
World
Current tobacco use, adults aged 15+error_outline
Current tobacco use, adults aged 15+
Prevalence of current tobacco use among adults aged 15+ years (age-standardized estimate) (%)
Latest year: 2022
Full description
*
Tobacco use estimates are not available. Tobacco smoking estimates are substituted for missing tobacco use estimates on the assumption that there is little difference between the two measures in the country.
20 %
×
Current tobacco use, adults aged 15+
Latest data available: 2022
Title:
Prevalence of current tobacco use among adults aged 15+ years (age-standardized estimate) (%)
Definition:
The percentage of the population aged 15 years and over who currently use any tobacco product (smoked and/or smokeless tobacco) on a daily or non-daily basis. Tobacco products include cigarettes, pipes, cigars, cigarillos, waterpipes (hookah, shisha), bidis, kretek, heated tobacco products, and all forms of smokeless (oral and nasal) tobacco. Tobacco products exclude e-cigarettes (which do not contain tobacco), “e-cigars”, “e-hookahs”, JUUL and “e-pipes”.
Estimation method:
A statistical model based on a Bayesian negative binomial meta-regression is used to model prevalence of current tobacco use for each country, separately for men and women. A full description of the method is available as a peer-reviewed article in The Lancet, volume 385, No. 9972, p966–976 (2015). Once the age-and-sex-specific prevalence rates from national surveys were compiled into a dataset, the model was fit to calculate trend estimates from the year 2000 to 2025. The model has two main components: (a) adjusting for missing indicators and age groups, and (b) generating an estimate of trends over time as well as the 95% credible interval around the estimate. Depending on the completeness/comprehensiveness of survey data from a particular country, the model at times makes use of data from other countries to fill information gaps. When a country has fewer than two nationally representative population-based surveys in different years, no attempt is made to fill data gaps and no estimates are calculated. To fill data gaps, information is “borrowed” from countries in the same UN subregion. The resulting trend lines are used to derive estimates for single years, so that a number can be reported even if the country did not run a survey in that year. In order to make the results comparable between countries, the prevalence rates are age-standardized to the WHO Standard Population. Estimates for countries with irregular surveys or many data gaps will have large uncertainty ranges, and such results should be interpreted with caution.
Range Slider
2000
2005
2010
2015
2020
2025
2030
Total
Males
Females
Past trends
Projected Trendserror_outline
Estimated projections for NCD indicators
Projections of NCD mortality and risk factor data
Latest year: 0
Full description
×
Estimated projections for NCD indicators
Latest data available: 0
Title:
Projections of NCD mortality and risk factor data
Definition:
Projections of NCD mortality and risk factor indicators with time-series data for estimating future country attainment of targets.
Estimation method:
Projections were generated based on the methods used for the projections of the WHO Global Programme of Work (GPW13) indicators. For glucose, mortality, alcohol and salt projections, eight models were considered: random walk with trend (RW2), autoregressive (AR1), exponential smoothing, Holt’s linear trend, Holt’s linear trend (damped), flat extrapolation, linear extrapolation and annual average rate change extrapolation. As described in further detail in the GPW13 methodology document, models were tested using existing data, with part of these serving as test data. To determine which model performed best, the following statistical metrics were used: RMSE (root mean squared error), MAE (mean absolute error), MdAE (median absolute error), MASE (median absolute scaled error) and CBA (confidence bound accuracy: percentage of test points that lie within the predicted confidence intervals). Using all of these metrics, the best model was selected independently for each indicator and then used to project data to 2025 or 2030. For tobacco use, a Bayesian negative binomial meta-regression was used to fit trendlines and project to 2025. Projections are predominantly based on data from before the COVID-19 pandemic and are not adjusted for any possible impact on trends the pandemic may have had. Adult prevalence of obesity, prevalence of insufficient activity were projected assuming trends since 2010 continue. To do so, a regression was fit for each Bayesian model iteration, country and sex, with the probit of age-standardized prevalence as the dependent variable, and year as the independent variable. The regression was used to predict age-standardized prevalence for each model iteration, country, sex and projection year. The projected values shown are the mean of all Bayesian iterations for the country, sex and projection year. For obesity, on-track status was assessed based on the proportion of iterations for which the regression coefficient was less than or equal to zero, which is the posterior probability that the trend in age-standardized prevalence was flat or decreasing. Each country-sex was considered on track if the posterior probability of a flat or decreasing trend was greater than 0.5. For insufficient physical activity, each sex and country were considered on-track if the projected value for 2030 was less than 85% of the estimated value for 2010. For both obesity and insufficient physical activity, countries were further categorized by the likelihood that past trends were sufficient to meet the target. Raised blood pressure was projecting using a similar method, with the exception that regressions were fit for each country and sex.
Global Target
Country comparison
error_outline
Prevalence of current tobacco use among adults aged 15+ years (age-standardized estimate) (%)
Latest year: 2021
Full description
World
Mean population salt intake, adults aged 25+error_outline
Mean population salt intake, adults aged 25+ g/day
Mean daily salt intake among adults aged 25+ years (g/day)
Latest year: 2019
Full description
10 g/day
×
Mean population salt intake, adults aged 25+ (g/day)
Latest data available: 2019
Title:
Mean daily salt intake among adults aged 25+ years (g/day)
Definition:
Mean daily population salt intake, in grams/day, among adults aged 25+ years.
Estimation method:
Estimates for mean population sodium intake were calculated by the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). More information available on their website: https://www.healthdata.org/results/gbd_summaries/2019/diet-high-sodium-level-3-risk
Estimates were converted to salt intake by multiplying by 2.5.
Range Slider
2000
2005
2010
2015
2020
2025
2030
Total
Males
Females
Past trends
Projected Trendserror_outline
Estimated projections for NCD indicators
Projections of NCD mortality and risk factor data
Latest year: 0
Full description
×
Estimated projections for NCD indicators
Latest data available: 0
Title:
Projections of NCD mortality and risk factor data
Definition:
Projections of NCD mortality and risk factor indicators with time-series data for estimating future country attainment of targets.
Estimation method:
Projections were generated based on the methods used for the projections of the WHO Global Programme of Work (GPW13) indicators. For glucose, mortality, alcohol and salt projections, eight models were considered: random walk with trend (RW2), autoregressive (AR1), exponential smoothing, Holt’s linear trend, Holt’s linear trend (damped), flat extrapolation, linear extrapolation and annual average rate change extrapolation. As described in further detail in the GPW13 methodology document, models were tested using existing data, with part of these serving as test data. To determine which model performed best, the following statistical metrics were used: RMSE (root mean squared error), MAE (mean absolute error), MdAE (median absolute error), MASE (median absolute scaled error) and CBA (confidence bound accuracy: percentage of test points that lie within the predicted confidence intervals). Using all of these metrics, the best model was selected independently for each indicator and then used to project data to 2025 or 2030. For tobacco use, a Bayesian negative binomial meta-regression was used to fit trendlines and project to 2025. Projections are predominantly based on data from before the COVID-19 pandemic and are not adjusted for any possible impact on trends the pandemic may have had. Adult prevalence of obesity, prevalence of insufficient activity were projected assuming trends since 2010 continue. To do so, a regression was fit for each Bayesian model iteration, country and sex, with the probit of age-standardized prevalence as the dependent variable, and year as the independent variable. The regression was used to predict age-standardized prevalence for each model iteration, country, sex and projection year. The projected values shown are the mean of all Bayesian iterations for the country, sex and projection year. For obesity, on-track status was assessed based on the proportion of iterations for which the regression coefficient was less than or equal to zero, which is the posterior probability that the trend in age-standardized prevalence was flat or decreasing. Each country-sex was considered on track if the posterior probability of a flat or decreasing trend was greater than 0.5. For insufficient physical activity, each sex and country were considered on-track if the projected value for 2030 was less than 85% of the estimated value for 2010. For both obesity and insufficient physical activity, countries were further categorized by the likelihood that past trends were sufficient to meet the target. Raised blood pressure was projecting using a similar method, with the exception that regressions were fit for each country and sex.
Global Target
Country comparison
error_outline
g/day
Mean daily salt intake among adults aged 25+ years (g/day)
Latest year: 2021
Full description
World
Physical inactivity, adults aged 18+error_outline
Physical inactivity, adults aged 18+
Prevalence of insufficient physical activity among adults aged 18+ years (age-standardized estimate) (%)
Latest year: 2022
Full description
45 %
×
Physical inactivity, adults aged 18+
Latest data available: 2022
Title:
Prevalence of insufficient physical activity among adults aged 18+ years (age-standardized estimate) (%)
Definition:
Percentage of defined population attaining less than 150 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity per week, or less than 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity physical activity per week, or equivalent.
Estimation method:
A Bayesian hierarchical model was used to produce estimates for each country or territory, age, sex and year. Full details of methods are available in: Strain T, Flaxman SR, Guthold R, Semenova E, et al. National, regional and global trends in insufficient physical activity among adults from 2000 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 507 surveys with 5.7 million participants. Lancet Global Health, 2024.. The estimates are based on self-reported physical activity captured using the GPAQ (Global Physical Activity Questionnaire), the IPAQ (International Physical Activity Questionnaire) or a similar questionnaire covering activity at work/in the household, for transport, and during leisure time. Where necessary, adjustments were made for the reported definition (in case it was different to the indicator definition), for known over-reporting of activity in questionnaires such as the IPAQ, and for survey coverage (in case a survey only covered urban areas). Age-standardized estimates are produced by applying the crude estimates to the WHO Standard Population.
Range Slider
2000
2005
2010
2015
2020
2025
2030
Total
Males
Females
Past trends
Projected Trendserror_outline
Estimated projections for NCD indicators
Projections of NCD mortality and risk factor data
Latest year: 0
Full description
×
Estimated projections for NCD indicators
Latest data available: 0
Title:
Projections of NCD mortality and risk factor data
Definition:
Projections of NCD mortality and risk factor indicators with time-series data for estimating future country attainment of targets.
Estimation method:
Projections were generated based on the methods used for the projections of the WHO Global Programme of Work (GPW13) indicators. For glucose, mortality, alcohol and salt projections, eight models were considered: random walk with trend (RW2), autoregressive (AR1), exponential smoothing, Holt’s linear trend, Holt’s linear trend (damped), flat extrapolation, linear extrapolation and annual average rate change extrapolation. As described in further detail in the GPW13 methodology document, models were tested using existing data, with part of these serving as test data. To determine which model performed best, the following statistical metrics were used: RMSE (root mean squared error), MAE (mean absolute error), MdAE (median absolute error), MASE (median absolute scaled error) and CBA (confidence bound accuracy: percentage of test points that lie within the predicted confidence intervals). Using all of these metrics, the best model was selected independently for each indicator and then used to project data to 2025 or 2030. For tobacco use, a Bayesian negative binomial meta-regression was used to fit trendlines and project to 2025. Projections are predominantly based on data from before the COVID-19 pandemic and are not adjusted for any possible impact on trends the pandemic may have had. Adult prevalence of obesity, prevalence of insufficient activity were projected assuming trends since 2010 continue. To do so, a regression was fit for each Bayesian model iteration, country and sex, with the probit of age-standardized prevalence as the dependent variable, and year as the independent variable. The regression was used to predict age-standardized prevalence for each model iteration, country, sex and projection year. The projected values shown are the mean of all Bayesian iterations for the country, sex and projection year. For obesity, on-track status was assessed based on the proportion of iterations for which the regression coefficient was less than or equal to zero, which is the posterior probability that the trend in age-standardized prevalence was flat or decreasing. Each country-sex was considered on track if the posterior probability of a flat or decreasing trend was greater than 0.5. For insufficient physical activity, each sex and country were considered on-track if the projected value for 2030 was less than 85% of the estimated value for 2010. For both obesity and insufficient physical activity, countries were further categorized by the likelihood that past trends were sufficient to meet the target. Raised blood pressure was projecting using a similar method, with the exception that regressions were fit for each country and sex.
Global Target
Country comparison
error_outline
Prevalence of insufficient physical activity among adults aged 18+ years (age-standardized estimate) (%)
Prevalence of insufficient physical activity among school-going adolescents aged 11-17 (crude estimate) (%)
Latest year: 2016
Full description
93 %
×
Physical inactivity, adolescents aged 11-17
Latest data available: 2016
Title:
Prevalence of insufficient physical activity among school-going adolescents aged 11-17 (crude estimate) (%)
Definition:
Percentage of school going adolescents not meeting WHO recommendations on Physical Activity for Health, i.e. doing less than 60 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity daily.
Estimation method:
Full details of methods are available in: Guthold R et al. Global trends in insufficient physical activity among adolescents: a pooled analysis of 298 population-based surveys with 1·6 million participants. Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2020 Jan;4(1):23-35. (https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-4642(19)30323-2). The estimates are based on self-reported physical activity using questionnaires. Main data sources included the Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS), the Health Behaviour in School aged Children (HBSC), and some other national surveys. Where necessary, adjustments were made for the reported definition (in case it was different to the indicator definition), and for survey coverage (in case a survey only covered urban areas). No estimates were produced for countries with no data.
Range Slider
2000
2005
2010
2015
2020
2025
2030
Total
Males
Females
Past trends
Projected Trendserror_outline
Estimated projections for NCD indicators
Projections of NCD mortality and risk factor data
Latest year: 0
Full description
×
Estimated projections for NCD indicators
Latest data available: 0
Title:
Projections of NCD mortality and risk factor data
Definition:
Projections of NCD mortality and risk factor indicators with time-series data for estimating future country attainment of targets.
Estimation method:
Projections were generated based on the methods used for the projections of the WHO Global Programme of Work (GPW13) indicators. For glucose, mortality, alcohol and salt projections, eight models were considered: random walk with trend (RW2), autoregressive (AR1), exponential smoothing, Holt’s linear trend, Holt’s linear trend (damped), flat extrapolation, linear extrapolation and annual average rate change extrapolation. As described in further detail in the GPW13 methodology document, models were tested using existing data, with part of these serving as test data. To determine which model performed best, the following statistical metrics were used: RMSE (root mean squared error), MAE (mean absolute error), MdAE (median absolute error), MASE (median absolute scaled error) and CBA (confidence bound accuracy: percentage of test points that lie within the predicted confidence intervals). Using all of these metrics, the best model was selected independently for each indicator and then used to project data to 2025 or 2030. For tobacco use, a Bayesian negative binomial meta-regression was used to fit trendlines and project to 2025. Projections are predominantly based on data from before the COVID-19 pandemic and are not adjusted for any possible impact on trends the pandemic may have had. Adult prevalence of obesity, prevalence of insufficient activity were projected assuming trends since 2010 continue. To do so, a regression was fit for each Bayesian model iteration, country and sex, with the probit of age-standardized prevalence as the dependent variable, and year as the independent variable. The regression was used to predict age-standardized prevalence for each model iteration, country, sex and projection year. The projected values shown are the mean of all Bayesian iterations for the country, sex and projection year. For obesity, on-track status was assessed based on the proportion of iterations for which the regression coefficient was less than or equal to zero, which is the posterior probability that the trend in age-standardized prevalence was flat or decreasing. Each country-sex was considered on track if the posterior probability of a flat or decreasing trend was greater than 0.5. For insufficient physical activity, each sex and country were considered on-track if the projected value for 2030 was less than 85% of the estimated value for 2010. For both obesity and insufficient physical activity, countries were further categorized by the likelihood that past trends were sufficient to meet the target. Raised blood pressure was projecting using a similar method, with the exception that regressions were fit for each country and sex.
Global Target
Country comparison
error_outline
Prevalence of insufficient physical activity among school-going adolescents aged 11-17 (crude estimate) (%)
Prevalence of raised blood pressure (SBP≥140 mmHg OR DBP≥90 mmHg) among adults aged 30–79 years (age-standardized estimate) (%)
Latest year: 2019
Full description
28 %
×
Raised blood pressure, adults aged 30–79 years
Latest data available: 2019
Title:
Prevalence of raised blood pressure (SBP≥140 mmHg OR DBP≥90 mmHg) among adults aged 30–79 years (age-standardized estimate) (%)
Definition:
Percentage of adults aged 30–79 years with raised blood pressure (systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg OR diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg).
Estimation method:
Full details of input and data methods are available at: NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC). Worldwide trends in hypertension prevalence and progress in treatment and control from 1990 to 2019: a pooled analysis of 1201 population-representative studies with 104 million participants. The Lancet S0140-6736(21)01330-1. A total of 1,201 population-based studies that included measured blood pressure and data on blood pressure treatment in 104 million individuals aged 30–79 years were used to estimate trends in hypertension and hypertension diagnosis, treatment and control from 1990 to 2019. Age-standardized estimates are produced by applying the crude estimates to the WHO Standard Population.
Range Slider
2000
2005
2010
2015
2020
2025
2030
Total
Males
Females
Past trends
Projected Trendserror_outline
Estimated projections for NCD indicators
Projections of NCD mortality and risk factor data
Latest year: 0
Full description
×
Estimated projections for NCD indicators
Latest data available: 0
Title:
Projections of NCD mortality and risk factor data
Definition:
Projections of NCD mortality and risk factor indicators with time-series data for estimating future country attainment of targets.
Estimation method:
Projections were generated based on the methods used for the projections of the WHO Global Programme of Work (GPW13) indicators. For glucose, mortality, alcohol and salt projections, eight models were considered: random walk with trend (RW2), autoregressive (AR1), exponential smoothing, Holt’s linear trend, Holt’s linear trend (damped), flat extrapolation, linear extrapolation and annual average rate change extrapolation. As described in further detail in the GPW13 methodology document, models were tested using existing data, with part of these serving as test data. To determine which model performed best, the following statistical metrics were used: RMSE (root mean squared error), MAE (mean absolute error), MdAE (median absolute error), MASE (median absolute scaled error) and CBA (confidence bound accuracy: percentage of test points that lie within the predicted confidence intervals). Using all of these metrics, the best model was selected independently for each indicator and then used to project data to 2025 or 2030. For tobacco use, a Bayesian negative binomial meta-regression was used to fit trendlines and project to 2025. Projections are predominantly based on data from before the COVID-19 pandemic and are not adjusted for any possible impact on trends the pandemic may have had. Adult prevalence of obesity, prevalence of insufficient activity were projected assuming trends since 2010 continue. To do so, a regression was fit for each Bayesian model iteration, country and sex, with the probit of age-standardized prevalence as the dependent variable, and year as the independent variable. The regression was used to predict age-standardized prevalence for each model iteration, country, sex and projection year. The projected values shown are the mean of all Bayesian iterations for the country, sex and projection year. For obesity, on-track status was assessed based on the proportion of iterations for which the regression coefficient was less than or equal to zero, which is the posterior probability that the trend in age-standardized prevalence was flat or decreasing. Each country-sex was considered on track if the posterior probability of a flat or decreasing trend was greater than 0.5. For insufficient physical activity, each sex and country were considered on-track if the projected value for 2030 was less than 85% of the estimated value for 2010. For both obesity and insufficient physical activity, countries were further categorized by the likelihood that past trends were sufficient to meet the target. Raised blood pressure was projecting using a similar method, with the exception that regressions were fit for each country and sex.
Global Target
Country comparison
error_outline
Prevalence of raised blood pressure (SBP≥140 mmHg OR DBP≥90 mmHg) among adults aged 30–79 years (age-standardized estimate) (%)
Latest year: 2021
Full description
World
Hypertension, adults aged 30–79error_outline
Hypertension, adults aged 30–79
Prevalence of hypertension among adults aged 30–79 years (age-standardized estimate) (%)
Latest year: 2019
Full description
34 %
×
Hypertension, adults aged 30–79
Latest data available: 2019
Title:
Prevalence of hypertension among adults aged 30–79 years (age-standardized estimate) (%)
Definition:
Prevalence of hypertension (defined as having systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg, or taking medication for hypertension) among adults aged 30–79.
Estimation method:
Full details of input and data methods are available at: NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC). Worldwide trends in hypertension prevalence and progress in treatment and control from 1990 to 2019: a pooled analysis of 1201 population-representative studies with 104 million participants. The Lancet S0140-6736(21)01330-1. A total of 1,201 population-based studies that included measured blood pressure and data on blood pressure treatment in 104 million individuals aged 30–79 years were used to estimate trends in hypertension and hypertension diagnosis, treatment and control from 1990 to 2019. Age-standardized estimates are produced by applying the crude estimates to the WHO Standard Population.
Hypertension, adults aged 30–79
Diagnosed hypertension, adults aged 30–79 with hypertension
Treated hypertension, adults aged 30–79 with hypertension
Controlled hypertension, adults aged 30–79 with hypertension
Range Slider
2000
2005
2010
2015
2020
2025
2030
Total
Males
Females
Past trends
Projected Trendserror_outline
Estimated projections for NCD indicators
Projections of NCD mortality and risk factor data
Latest year: 0
Full description
×
Estimated projections for NCD indicators
Latest data available: 0
Title:
Projections of NCD mortality and risk factor data
Definition:
Projections of NCD mortality and risk factor indicators with time-series data for estimating future country attainment of targets.
Estimation method:
Projections were generated based on the methods used for the projections of the WHO Global Programme of Work (GPW13) indicators. For glucose, mortality, alcohol and salt projections, eight models were considered: random walk with trend (RW2), autoregressive (AR1), exponential smoothing, Holt’s linear trend, Holt’s linear trend (damped), flat extrapolation, linear extrapolation and annual average rate change extrapolation. As described in further detail in the GPW13 methodology document, models were tested using existing data, with part of these serving as test data. To determine which model performed best, the following statistical metrics were used: RMSE (root mean squared error), MAE (mean absolute error), MdAE (median absolute error), MASE (median absolute scaled error) and CBA (confidence bound accuracy: percentage of test points that lie within the predicted confidence intervals). Using all of these metrics, the best model was selected independently for each indicator and then used to project data to 2025 or 2030. For tobacco use, a Bayesian negative binomial meta-regression was used to fit trendlines and project to 2025. Projections are predominantly based on data from before the COVID-19 pandemic and are not adjusted for any possible impact on trends the pandemic may have had. Adult prevalence of obesity, prevalence of insufficient activity were projected assuming trends since 2010 continue. To do so, a regression was fit for each Bayesian model iteration, country and sex, with the probit of age-standardized prevalence as the dependent variable, and year as the independent variable. The regression was used to predict age-standardized prevalence for each model iteration, country, sex and projection year. The projected values shown are the mean of all Bayesian iterations for the country, sex and projection year. For obesity, on-track status was assessed based on the proportion of iterations for which the regression coefficient was less than or equal to zero, which is the posterior probability that the trend in age-standardized prevalence was flat or decreasing. Each country-sex was considered on track if the posterior probability of a flat or decreasing trend was greater than 0.5. For insufficient physical activity, each sex and country were considered on-track if the projected value for 2030 was less than 85% of the estimated value for 2010. For both obesity and insufficient physical activity, countries were further categorized by the likelihood that past trends were sufficient to meet the target. Raised blood pressure was projecting using a similar method, with the exception that regressions were fit for each country and sex.
Global Target
Country comparison
error_outline
Prevalence of hypertension among adults aged 30–79 years (age-standardized estimate) (%)
Latest year: 2021
Full description
World
Hypertension diagnosis, treatment and control
error_outline
30-79 have hypertension
(% of people aged 30-79)
Obesity, adults aged 18+error_outline
Obesity, adults aged 18+
Prevalence of obesity among adults (age-standardized estimate) (%)
Latest year: 2022
Full description
9 %
×
Obesity, adults aged 18+
Latest data available: 2022
Title:
Prevalence of obesity among adults (age-standardized estimate) (%)
Definition:
Percentage of adults aged 18+ years with a body mass index (BMI) of 30 kg/m2 or higher.
Estimation method:
Based on measured height and weight. Input data and methods are described here: NCD-RisC. Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 3663 population-representative studies with 222 million children, adolescents, and adults. Lancet 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(23)02750-2. Age-standardized estimates are produced by applying the crude estimates to the WHO Standard Population.
Range Slider
2000
2005
2010
2015
2020
2025
2030
Total
Males
Females
Past trends
Projected Trendserror_outline
Estimated projections for NCD indicators
Projections of NCD mortality and risk factor data
Latest year: 0
Full description
×
Estimated projections for NCD indicators
Latest data available: 0
Title:
Projections of NCD mortality and risk factor data
Definition:
Projections of NCD mortality and risk factor indicators with time-series data for estimating future country attainment of targets.
Estimation method:
Projections were generated based on the methods used for the projections of the WHO Global Programme of Work (GPW13) indicators. For glucose, mortality, alcohol and salt projections, eight models were considered: random walk with trend (RW2), autoregressive (AR1), exponential smoothing, Holt’s linear trend, Holt’s linear trend (damped), flat extrapolation, linear extrapolation and annual average rate change extrapolation. As described in further detail in the GPW13 methodology document, models were tested using existing data, with part of these serving as test data. To determine which model performed best, the following statistical metrics were used: RMSE (root mean squared error), MAE (mean absolute error), MdAE (median absolute error), MASE (median absolute scaled error) and CBA (confidence bound accuracy: percentage of test points that lie within the predicted confidence intervals). Using all of these metrics, the best model was selected independently for each indicator and then used to project data to 2025 or 2030. For tobacco use, a Bayesian negative binomial meta-regression was used to fit trendlines and project to 2025. Projections are predominantly based on data from before the COVID-19 pandemic and are not adjusted for any possible impact on trends the pandemic may have had. Adult prevalence of obesity, prevalence of insufficient activity were projected assuming trends since 2010 continue. To do so, a regression was fit for each Bayesian model iteration, country and sex, with the probit of age-standardized prevalence as the dependent variable, and year as the independent variable. The regression was used to predict age-standardized prevalence for each model iteration, country, sex and projection year. The projected values shown are the mean of all Bayesian iterations for the country, sex and projection year. For obesity, on-track status was assessed based on the proportion of iterations for which the regression coefficient was less than or equal to zero, which is the posterior probability that the trend in age-standardized prevalence was flat or decreasing. Each country-sex was considered on track if the posterior probability of a flat or decreasing trend was greater than 0.5. For insufficient physical activity, each sex and country were considered on-track if the projected value for 2030 was less than 85% of the estimated value for 2010. For both obesity and insufficient physical activity, countries were further categorized by the likelihood that past trends were sufficient to meet the target. Raised blood pressure was projecting using a similar method, with the exception that regressions were fit for each country and sex.
Global Target
Country comparison
error_outline
Prevalence of obesity among adults (age-standardized estimate) (%)
Latest year: 2021
Full description
World
Obesity, adolescents aged 10–19error_outline
Obesity, adolescents aged 10–19
Prevalence of obesity among adolescents aged 10–19 years (crude estimate) (%)
Latest year: 2022
Full description
5 %
×
Obesity, adolescents aged 10–19
Latest data available: 2022
Title:
Prevalence of obesity among adolescents aged 10–19 years (crude estimate) (%)
Definition:
Percentage of defined age group with a body mass index (BMI) greater than 2 standard deviation above the median, according to the WHO references for school-age children and adolescents.
Estimation method:
Based on measured height and weight. Input data and methods are described here: NCD-RisC. Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 3663 population-representative studies with 222 million children, adolescents, and adults. Lancet 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(23)02750-2.
Range Slider
2000
2005
2010
2015
2020
2025
2030
Total
Males
Females
Past trends
Projected Trendserror_outline
Estimated projections for NCD indicators
Projections of NCD mortality and risk factor data
Latest year: 0
Full description
×
Estimated projections for NCD indicators
Latest data available: 0
Title:
Projections of NCD mortality and risk factor data
Definition:
Projections of NCD mortality and risk factor indicators with time-series data for estimating future country attainment of targets.
Estimation method:
Projections were generated based on the methods used for the projections of the WHO Global Programme of Work (GPW13) indicators. For glucose, mortality, alcohol and salt projections, eight models were considered: random walk with trend (RW2), autoregressive (AR1), exponential smoothing, Holt’s linear trend, Holt’s linear trend (damped), flat extrapolation, linear extrapolation and annual average rate change extrapolation. As described in further detail in the GPW13 methodology document, models were tested using existing data, with part of these serving as test data. To determine which model performed best, the following statistical metrics were used: RMSE (root mean squared error), MAE (mean absolute error), MdAE (median absolute error), MASE (median absolute scaled error) and CBA (confidence bound accuracy: percentage of test points that lie within the predicted confidence intervals). Using all of these metrics, the best model was selected independently for each indicator and then used to project data to 2025 or 2030. For tobacco use, a Bayesian negative binomial meta-regression was used to fit trendlines and project to 2025. Projections are predominantly based on data from before the COVID-19 pandemic and are not adjusted for any possible impact on trends the pandemic may have had. Adult prevalence of obesity, prevalence of insufficient activity were projected assuming trends since 2010 continue. To do so, a regression was fit for each Bayesian model iteration, country and sex, with the probit of age-standardized prevalence as the dependent variable, and year as the independent variable. The regression was used to predict age-standardized prevalence for each model iteration, country, sex and projection year. The projected values shown are the mean of all Bayesian iterations for the country, sex and projection year. For obesity, on-track status was assessed based on the proportion of iterations for which the regression coefficient was less than or equal to zero, which is the posterior probability that the trend in age-standardized prevalence was flat or decreasing. Each country-sex was considered on track if the posterior probability of a flat or decreasing trend was greater than 0.5. For insufficient physical activity, each sex and country were considered on-track if the projected value for 2030 was less than 85% of the estimated value for 2010. For both obesity and insufficient physical activity, countries were further categorized by the likelihood that past trends were sufficient to meet the target. Raised blood pressure was projecting using a similar method, with the exception that regressions were fit for each country and sex.
Global Target
Country comparison
error_outline
Prevalence of obesity among adolescents aged 10–19 years (crude estimate) (%)
Latest year: 2021
Full description
World
Diabetes, adults aged 18+error_outline
Diabetes, adults aged 18+
Prevalence of diabetes among adults aged 18+ years (age-standardized estimate)
Latest year: 2022
Full description
13 %
×
Diabetes, adults aged 18+
Latest data available: 2022
Title:
Prevalence of diabetes among adults aged 18+ years (age-standardized estimate)
Definition:
Percentage of adults aged 18+ years with fasting plasma glucose ≥ 7.0 mmol/l (126 mg/dl) or glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) ≥ 6.5% (48 mmol/mol), or on glucose-lowering medication for diabetes.
Estimation method:
Population-representative studies with measurements of fasting glucose and/or glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), and information on diabetes treatment were compiled. In studies with data on both FPG and HbA1c, treated diabetes was added to the prevalence of untreated diabetes based on the definition above. In studies with data on one biomarker only, participants whose measured biomarker was elevated were considered to have diabetes. For the remainder of the sample, who neither used treatment nor had elevated level of the measured biomarker, regressions were used to estimate the probability of having an elevated level of the second (unmeasured) biomarker.
Data were pooled using a Bayesian hierarchical meta-regression model to estimate diabetes prevalence. Age-standardized estimates are produced by applying the age-specific estimates to the WHO Standard Population.
Full details of input and data methods are available at: NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC). Worldwide trends in diabetes prevalence and treatment from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 1108 population-representative studies with 141 million participants. Lancet 2024. Available online at: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(24)02317-1
Range Slider
2000
2005
2010
2015
2020
2025
2030
Total
Males
Females
Past trends
Projected Trendserror_outline
Estimated projections for NCD indicators
Projections of NCD mortality and risk factor data
Latest year: 0
Full description
×
Estimated projections for NCD indicators
Latest data available: 0
Title:
Projections of NCD mortality and risk factor data
Definition:
Projections of NCD mortality and risk factor indicators with time-series data for estimating future country attainment of targets.
Estimation method:
Projections were generated based on the methods used for the projections of the WHO Global Programme of Work (GPW13) indicators. For glucose, mortality, alcohol and salt projections, eight models were considered: random walk with trend (RW2), autoregressive (AR1), exponential smoothing, Holt’s linear trend, Holt’s linear trend (damped), flat extrapolation, linear extrapolation and annual average rate change extrapolation. As described in further detail in the GPW13 methodology document, models were tested using existing data, with part of these serving as test data. To determine which model performed best, the following statistical metrics were used: RMSE (root mean squared error), MAE (mean absolute error), MdAE (median absolute error), MASE (median absolute scaled error) and CBA (confidence bound accuracy: percentage of test points that lie within the predicted confidence intervals). Using all of these metrics, the best model was selected independently for each indicator and then used to project data to 2025 or 2030. For tobacco use, a Bayesian negative binomial meta-regression was used to fit trendlines and project to 2025. Projections are predominantly based on data from before the COVID-19 pandemic and are not adjusted for any possible impact on trends the pandemic may have had. Adult prevalence of obesity, prevalence of insufficient activity were projected assuming trends since 2010 continue. To do so, a regression was fit for each Bayesian model iteration, country and sex, with the probit of age-standardized prevalence as the dependent variable, and year as the independent variable. The regression was used to predict age-standardized prevalence for each model iteration, country, sex and projection year. The projected values shown are the mean of all Bayesian iterations for the country, sex and projection year. For obesity, on-track status was assessed based on the proportion of iterations for which the regression coefficient was less than or equal to zero, which is the posterior probability that the trend in age-standardized prevalence was flat or decreasing. Each country-sex was considered on track if the posterior probability of a flat or decreasing trend was greater than 0.5. For insufficient physical activity, each sex and country were considered on-track if the projected value for 2030 was less than 85% of the estimated value for 2010. For both obesity and insufficient physical activity, countries were further categorized by the likelihood that past trends were sufficient to meet the target. Raised blood pressure was projecting using a similar method, with the exception that regressions were fit for each country and sex.
Global Target
Country comparison
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Prevalence of diabetes among adults aged 18+ years (age-standardized estimate)
Latest year: 2021
Full description
World
Mean total cholesterol, adults aged 18+error_outline
Mean total cholesterol, adults aged 18+ mmol/l
Mean total cholesterol (age-standardized estimate)
Latest year: 2018
Full description
5 mmol/l
×
Mean total cholesterol, adults aged 18+ (mmol/l)
Latest data available: 2018
Title:
Mean total cholesterol (age-standardized estimate)
Definition:
Mean total cholesterol of defined population in mmol/l.
Estimation method:
Full details of input and data methods are available in: NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC). Repositioning of the global epicentre of non-optimal cholesterol. Nature 582, 73–77 (2020). A total of 1,127 population-based studies that measured blood lipids in 102.6 million individuals aged 18 years and older were used to estimate mean total trends of HDL and non-HDL cholesterol from 1980 to 2018. Most studies in the analysis measured total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol, from which non-HDL cholesterol can be calculated through subtraction. Age-standardized estimates are produced by applying the crude estimates to the WHO Standard Population.
Range Slider
2000
2005
2010
2015
2020
2025
2030
Total
Males
Females
Past trends
Projected Trendserror_outline
Estimated projections for NCD indicators
Projections of NCD mortality and risk factor data
Latest year: 0
Full description
×
Estimated projections for NCD indicators
Latest data available: 0
Title:
Projections of NCD mortality and risk factor data
Definition:
Projections of NCD mortality and risk factor indicators with time-series data for estimating future country attainment of targets.
Estimation method:
Projections were generated based on the methods used for the projections of the WHO Global Programme of Work (GPW13) indicators. For glucose, mortality, alcohol and salt projections, eight models were considered: random walk with trend (RW2), autoregressive (AR1), exponential smoothing, Holt’s linear trend, Holt’s linear trend (damped), flat extrapolation, linear extrapolation and annual average rate change extrapolation. As described in further detail in the GPW13 methodology document, models were tested using existing data, with part of these serving as test data. To determine which model performed best, the following statistical metrics were used: RMSE (root mean squared error), MAE (mean absolute error), MdAE (median absolute error), MASE (median absolute scaled error) and CBA (confidence bound accuracy: percentage of test points that lie within the predicted confidence intervals). Using all of these metrics, the best model was selected independently for each indicator and then used to project data to 2025 or 2030. For tobacco use, a Bayesian negative binomial meta-regression was used to fit trendlines and project to 2025. Projections are predominantly based on data from before the COVID-19 pandemic and are not adjusted for any possible impact on trends the pandemic may have had. Adult prevalence of obesity, prevalence of insufficient activity were projected assuming trends since 2010 continue. To do so, a regression was fit for each Bayesian model iteration, country and sex, with the probit of age-standardized prevalence as the dependent variable, and year as the independent variable. The regression was used to predict age-standardized prevalence for each model iteration, country, sex and projection year. The projected values shown are the mean of all Bayesian iterations for the country, sex and projection year. For obesity, on-track status was assessed based on the proportion of iterations for which the regression coefficient was less than or equal to zero, which is the posterior probability that the trend in age-standardized prevalence was flat or decreasing. Each country-sex was considered on track if the posterior probability of a flat or decreasing trend was greater than 0.5. For insufficient physical activity, each sex and country were considered on-track if the projected value for 2030 was less than 85% of the estimated value for 2010. For both obesity and insufficient physical activity, countries were further categorized by the likelihood that past trends were sufficient to meet the target. Raised blood pressure was projecting using a similar method, with the exception that regressions were fit for each country and sex.
Global Target
Country comparison
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mmol/l
Mean total cholesterol (age-standardized estimate)
Latest year: 2021
Full description
World
Country response/ Progress monitor
Fully achieved
Partially achieved
Not achieved
1
National NCD targetserror_outline
National NCD targets
Has set time-bound national targets based on WHO guidance
Latest year: 2022
Full description
×
National NCD targets
Latest data available: 2022
Title:
Has set time-bound national targets based on WHO guidance
Definition:
Indicates whether country has set national NCD targets. The NCD-related targets should be time-bound and based on the 9 voluntary global targets and the WHO Global Monitoring Framework.
This is the first indicator from the NCD Progress Monitor (https://www.who.int/teams/ncds/surveillance/monitoring-capacity).
Estimation method:
Official country response to the WHO NCD country capacity survey (https://www.who.int/teams/ncds/surveillance/monitoring-capacity/ncdccs). This indicator is considered fully achieved if a country responds “Yes” to the question “Are there a set of time-bound national targets for NCDs based on the 9 voluntary global targets from the WHO Global Monitoring Framework for NCDs?” and provides the needed supporting documentation. Targets must be time-bound, based on the 9 global targets, and need to address NCD mortality, as well as key risk factors in the country and/or health systems.
This indicator is considered partially achieved if the country responds “Yes” to the question “Are there a set of time-bound national targets for NCDs based on the 9 voluntary global targets from the WHO Global Monitoring Framework for NCDs?”, but the targets do not cover two of the three areas addressed in the 9 global targets (including mortality) or they are not time-bound.
2
Mortality dataerror_outline
Mortality data
Has a functioning system for generating reliable cause-specific mortality data on a routine basis
Latest year: 2022
Full description
×
Mortality data
Latest data available: 2022
Title:
Has a functioning system for generating reliable cause-specific mortality data on a routine basis
Definition:
Country has a vital registration system that captures deaths and the causes of death routinely. The International Form of Medical Certificate of the Cause of Death is completed by certifiers. The International Classification of Diseases (ICD) is used to code the causes of death. The data compiled are made available to policy-makers and researchers.
This is the second indicator from the NCD Progress Monitor (https://www.who.int/teams/ncds/surveillance/monitoring-capacity).
Estimation method:
The WHO collects mortality data, including cause of death, from civil registration systems in the WHO mortality database through a routine annual call for data. Data are considered to generate reliable cause-specific mortality data on a routine basis if:
• Data from the five most recent reporting years are, on average, at least 70% usable. Usability is calculated as: (Completeness (%))*(1- Proportion Garbage)
• At least five years of cause-of-death data have been reported to the WHO in the last 10 years.
• The most recent year of data reported to the WHO is no more than five years old.
This indicator is considered fully achieved if the country meets all of the above criteria.
This indicator is considered partially achieved if the country does not meet all of the above criteria but has submitted some vital registration data to WHO.
3
Risk factor surveyserror_outline
Risk factor surveys
Has a STEPS survey or a comprehensive health examination survey every 5 years
Latest year: 2022
Full description
×
Risk factor surveys
Latest data available: 2022
Title:
Has a STEPS survey or a comprehensive health examination survey every 5 years
Definition:
Country has completed a STEPS survey or another risk factor survey which includes physical measurements and biochemical assessments covering the key behavioural and metabolic risk factors for NCDs. Country must indicate that survey frequency is at least every 5 years.
This is the third indicator from the NCD Progress Monitor (https://www.who.int/teams/ncds/surveillance/monitoring-capacity).
Estimation method:
Official country response to the WHO NCD country capacity survey (https://www.who.int/teams/ncds/surveillance/monitoring-capacity/ncdccs). This indicator is considered fully achieved if the country responds “Yes” to each of the following for adults: “Have surveys of risk factors (may be a single RF or multiple) been conducted in your country for all of the following:” “Harmful alcohol use” (optional for the Member States where there is a ban on alcohol), “Physical inactivity”, “Tobacco use”, “Raised blood glucose/diabetes”, “Raised blood pressure/hypertension”, “Overweight and obesity”, and “Salt / Sodium intake”. For risk factors “Raised blood glucose/diabetes”, “Raised blood pressure/hypertension”, and “Overweight and obesity”, the data must be measured, not self-reported. Additionally, for each risk factor, the country must indicate that the last survey was conducted in the past 5 years (i.e. 2016 or later for the 2021 CCS survey responses) and must respond “Every 1 to 2 years” or “Every 3 to 5 years” to the subquestion “How often is the survey conducted?”. The country must also provide the needed supporting documentation.
This indicator is considered partially achieved if the country responds that at least 3, but not all, of the above risk factors are covered, or the surveys were conducted more than 5 years ago but less than 10 years ago.
4
National integrated NCD policy/strategy/action planerror_outline
National integrated NCD policy/strategy/action plan
Has an operational multisectoral national strategy/action plan that integrates the major NCDs and their shared risk factors
Latest year: 2022
Full description
×
National integrated NCD policy/strategy/action plan
Latest data available: 2022
Title:
Has an operational multisectoral national strategy/action plan that integrates the major NCDs and their shared risk factors
Definition:
Country has a multisectoral, national integrated NCD and risk factor policy/strategy/action plan that addresses the 4 main NCDs (cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer, chronic respiratory disease) and their main risk factors (tobacco use, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, harmful use of alcohol).
“Multisectoral” refers to engagement with one or more government sectors outside of health. “Operational” refers to a policy, strategy or action plan which is being used and implemented in the country, and has resources and funding available to implement it.
This is the fourth indicator from the NCD Progress Monitor (https://www.who.int/teams/ncds/surveillance/monitoring-capacity).
Estimation method:
Official country response to the WHO NCD country capacity survey (https://www.who.int/teams/ncds/surveillance/monitoring-capacity/ncdccs). This indicator is considered fully achieved if the country responds “Yes” to the questions “Does your country have a national NCD policy, strategy or action plan which integrates several NCDs and their risk factors?” and to the subquestion “ Is it multisectoral?”. Countries also have to respond “operational” to the subquestion “Indicate its stage” and “Yes” to all of the subquestions pertaining to the 4 main risk factors and 4 main NCDs: “Does it address one or more of the following major risk factors?” “Harmful use of alcohol” (optional for the Member States where there is a ban on alcohol), “Unhealthy diet”, “Physical inactivity”, “tobacco” (all 4 must have “Yes”) and “Does it combine early detection, treatment and care for:” “Cancer”, “Cardiovascular diseases”, “ Chronic respiratory diseases” and “Diabetes” (all 4 must have “Yes”). Country must also provide the needed supporting documentation.
This indicator is considered partially achieved if the country responds “Yes” to the questions “Does your country have a national NCD policy, strategy or action plan which integrates several NCDs and their risk factors?” and to the subquestion “ Is it multisectoral?”. Countries also have to respond “operational” to the subquestion “Indicate its stage” and “Yes” to at least two of the 4 main risk factors and at least two of the 4 main NCDs.
5
Tobacco demand-reduction measures
×
Increased excise taxes and prices
Latest data available: 2022
Title:
Has implemented measures to reduce affordability by increasing excise taxes and prices on tobacco products
Definition:
Country has total taxes set at a level that accounts for more than 75% of the retail price of tobacco products.
This is indicator 5a from the NCD Progress Monitor (https://www.who.int/teams/ncds/surveillance/monitoring-capacity).
Estimation method:
Data collected from governments for the production of the WHO report on the global tobacco epidemic.
Total taxes (including excise tax, value added/sales tax, import duties (where applicable) and any other taxes levied) are calculated as a proportion of the price of the tobacco product. Currently, this is calculated in relation to the most sold brand of cigarettes.
This indicator is considered fully achieved if the country has total taxes more than 75% of the price of the most sold brand of cigarettes.
This indicator is considered partially achieved if the country has total taxes from 51% up to 75% of the retail price of the most sold brand of cigarettes.
Increased excise taxes and prices
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Increased excise taxes and prices
Has implemented measures to reduce affordability by increasing excise taxes and prices on tobacco products
Latest year: 2022
Full description
×
Increased excise taxes and prices
Latest data available: 2022
Title:
Has implemented measures to reduce affordability by increasing excise taxes and prices on tobacco products
Definition:
Country has total taxes set at a level that accounts for more than 75% of the retail price of tobacco products.
This is indicator 5a from the NCD Progress Monitor (https://www.who.int/teams/ncds/surveillance/monitoring-capacity).
Estimation method:
Data collected from governments for the production of the WHO report on the global tobacco epidemic.
Total taxes (including excise tax, value added/sales tax, import duties (where applicable) and any other taxes levied) are calculated as a proportion of the price of the tobacco product. Currently, this is calculated in relation to the most sold brand of cigarettes.
This indicator is considered fully achieved if the country has total taxes more than 75% of the price of the most sold brand of cigarettes.
This indicator is considered partially achieved if the country has total taxes from 51% up to 75% of the retail price of the most sold brand of cigarettes.
Smoke-free policies
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Smoke-free policies
Has implemented measures to eliminate exposure to second-hand tobacco smoke in all indoor workplaces, public places and public transport
Latest year: 2022
Full description
×
Smoke-free policies
Latest data available: 2022
Title:
Has implemented measures to eliminate exposure to second-hand tobacco smoke in all indoor workplaces, public places and public transport
Definition:
Country has all public places completely smoke-free (or at least 90% of the population covered by complete subnational smoke-free legislation).“Completely” means that smoking is not permitted, with no exemptions allowed, except in residences and indoor places that serve as equivalents to long-term residential facilities, such as prisons and long-term health and social care facilities such as psychiatric units and nursing homes. Ventilation and any form of designated smoking rooms and/or areas do not protect from the harms of second-hand tobacco smoke, and the only laws that provide protection are those that result in the complete absence of smoking in all public places.
This is indicator 5b from the NCD Progress Monitor (https://www.who.int/teams/ncds/surveillance/monitoring-capacity).
Estimation method:
Legal instruments are analysed for the production of the WHO report on the global tobacco epidemic.
Legislation (including implementing rules and regulations) is assessed to determine whether smoke-free laws adopted as of 31 December 2020 provided for a complete indoor smoke-free environment at all times, in all the facilities of each of the following eight places: health care facilities; educational facilities other than universities; universities; government facilities; indoor offices and workplaces not considered in any other category; restaurants or facilities that serve mostly food; cafes, pubs and bars or facilities that serve mostly beverages; public transport.
This indicator is considered fully achieved if all eight categories of public places listed above are completely smoke-free in the country (or at least 90% of the population covered by complete subnational smoke-free legislation).
This indicator is considered partially achieved if three to seven public places are completely smoke-free.
Large graphic health warnings/plain packaging
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Large graphic health warnings/plain packaging
Has implemented plain/standardized packaging and/or large graphic health warnings on cigarettes packages
Latest year: 2022
Full description
×
Large graphic health warnings/plain packaging
Latest data available: 2022
Title:
Has implemented plain/standardized packaging and/or large graphic health warnings on cigarettes packages
Definition:
Country mandates plain/standardized packaging and/or large graphic warnings with all appropriate characteristics. Appropriate characteristics for large graphic warnings include:
• specific health warnings mandated;
• appearing on individual packages as well as on any outside packaging and labelling used in retail sale;
• describing specific harmful effects of tobacco use on health;
• are large, clear, visible and legible (e.g. specific colours and font style and sizes are mandated);
• rotating health warnings and/or messages;
• pictures or pictograms; and
• written in (all) the principal language(s) of the country.
Appropriate characteristics for plain/standardized packaging include:
• restrictions or prohibitions on the use of logos, colours, brand images or promotional information on packaging other than brand names and product names displayed in a standard colour and font style;
• standardized shape, size and materials of tobacco packaging; and
• no advertising or promotion inside or attached to the package or tobacco product.
This is indicator 5c from the NCD Progress Monitor (https://www.who.int/teams/ncds/surveillance/monitoring-capacity).
Estimation method:
Legislation (including implementing rules or regulations) adopted as of 31 December 2020 is assessed to determine the size of the warnings (the front and back of the cigarette pack are averaged to calculate the percentage of the total pack surface area covered by warnings) and warning characteristics.
This indicator is considered fully achieved if the country has plain/standardized packaging and/or large graphic health warnings which are defined as covering on average at least 50% of the front and back of the package with all appropriate characteristics as detailed above.
This indicator is considered partially achieved if there are medium-size warnings, which are defined as covering on average between 30 and 49% of the front and back of package, with some or all appropriate characteristics, or large warnings that are missing some appropriate characteristics.
For countries with a law requiring plain/standardized packaging and/or large graphic warnings but with no implementing rules or regulations yet adopted as of 31 December 2020, this indicator will not be considered fully achieved.
Bans on advertising, promotion and sponsorship
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Bans on advertising, promotion and sponsorship
Has enacted and enforced comprehensive bans on tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship
Latest year: 2022
Full description
×
Bans on advertising, promotion and sponsorship
Latest data available: 2022
Title:
Has enacted and enforced comprehensive bans on tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship
Definition:
Country has a ban on all forms of direct and indirect advertising. Direct advertising bans include: national television and radio; local magazines and newspapers; billboards and outdoor advertising; point of sale (indoor). Indirect advertising bans include: free distribution of tobacco products in the mail or through other means; promotional discounts; non-tobacco products identified with tobacco brand names (brand stretching); brand names of non-tobacco products used for tobacco products (brand sharing); appearance of tobacco brands (product placement) or tobacco products in television and/or films; and sponsorship (contributions and/or publicity of contributions).
This is indicator 5d from the NCD Progress Monitor (https://www.who.int/teams/ncds/surveillance/monitoring-capacity).
Estimation method:
Legislation is assessed to determine whether the law completely bans all forms of direct and indirect tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship.
This indicator is considered fully achieved if the country has a ban on all forms of direct and indirect advertising.
This indicator is considered partially achieved if the country has a ban on national TV, radio and print media, but not on all other forms of direct and/or indirect advertising.
Mass media campaigns
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Mass media campaigns
Has implemented effective mass media campaigns that educate the public about the harms of smoking/tobacco use and second-hand smoke
Latest year: 2022
Full description
×
Mass media campaigns
Latest data available: 2022
Title:
Has implemented effective mass media campaigns that educate the public about the harms of smoking/tobacco use and second-hand smoke
Definition:
Country has implemented a national anti-tobacco mass media campaign designed to support tobacco control, of at least 3 weeks' duration with all appropriate characteristics. Appropriate characteristics include:
• campaign was part of a comprehensive tobacco control programme;
• before the campaign, research was undertaken or reviewed to gain a thorough understanding of the target audience;
• campaign communications materials were pre-tested with the target audience and refined in line with campaign objectives;
• air time (radio, television) and/or placement (billboards, print advertising, etc.) was obtained by purchasing or securing it using either the organization’s own internal resources or an external media planner or agency (this information indicates whether the campaign adopted a thorough media planning and buying process to effectively and efficiently reach its target audience);
• the implementing agency worked with journalists to gain publicity or news coverage for the campaign;
• process evaluation was undertaken to assess how effectively the campaign had been implemented;
• an outcome evaluation process was implemented to assess campaign impact; and
• the campaign was aired on television and/or radio.
This is indicator 5e from the NCD Progress Monitor (https://www.who.int/teams/ncds/surveillance/monitoring-capacity).
Estimation method:
Eligible campaigns are assessed according to the appropriate characteristics to determine whether it signifies the use of a comprehensive communication approach.
This indicator is considered fully achieved if the country has a campaign conducted with at least seven appropriate characteristics including airing on television and/or radio.
This indicator is considered partially achieved if the country has a campaign conducted with one to six of the appropriate characteristics.
WHO assessment is shared with national authorities for review and approval.
6
Harmful use of alcohol reduction measures
×
Restrictions on physical availability
Latest data available: 2022
Title:
Has enacted and enforced restrictions on the physical availability of retailed alcohol (via reduced hours of sale)
Definition:
Country has a licensing system or monopoly on retail sales of beer, wine, spirits.
Country has restrictions for on-/off-premise sales of beer, wine, spirits regarding hours, days and locations of sales.
Country has legal age limits for being sold and served alcoholic beverages.
This is indicator 6a from the NCD Progress Monitor (https://www.who.int/teams/ncds/surveillance/monitoring-capacity).
Estimation method:
Data is collected through the WHO Global survey on progress on SDG health target 3.5.
This indicator is considered fully achieved if:
• a licensing system or monopoly exists on retail sales of beer, wine and spirits;
• restrictions exist for on- and off-premise sales of beer, wine, and spirits regarding hours and locations of sales and restrictions exist for off-premise sales of beer, wine, and spirits regarding days of sales; and
• legal age limits for being sold and served alcoholic beverages are 18 years or above for beer, wine, and spirits.
This indicator is considered partially achieved if there are any, but not all, positive responses to the three indicators above.
Restrictions on physical availability
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Restrictions on physical availability
Has enacted and enforced restrictions on the physical availability of retailed alcohol (via reduced hours of sale)
Latest year: 2022
Full description
×
Restrictions on physical availability
Latest data available: 2022
Title:
Has enacted and enforced restrictions on the physical availability of retailed alcohol (via reduced hours of sale)
Definition:
Country has a licensing system or monopoly on retail sales of beer, wine, spirits.
Country has restrictions for on-/off-premise sales of beer, wine, spirits regarding hours, days and locations of sales.
Country has legal age limits for being sold and served alcoholic beverages.
This is indicator 6a from the NCD Progress Monitor (https://www.who.int/teams/ncds/surveillance/monitoring-capacity).
Estimation method:
Data is collected through the WHO Global survey on progress on SDG health target 3.5.
This indicator is considered fully achieved if:
• a licensing system or monopoly exists on retail sales of beer, wine and spirits;
• restrictions exist for on- and off-premise sales of beer, wine, and spirits regarding hours and locations of sales and restrictions exist for off-premise sales of beer, wine, and spirits regarding days of sales; and
• legal age limits for being sold and served alcoholic beverages are 18 years or above for beer, wine, and spirits.
This indicator is considered partially achieved if there are any, but not all, positive responses to the three indicators above.
Advertising bans or comprehensive restrictions
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Advertising bans or comprehensive restrictions
Has enacted and enforced bans or comprehensive restrictions on exposure to alcohol advertising (across multiple types of media)
Latest year: 2022
Full description
×
Advertising bans or comprehensive restrictions
Latest data available: 2022
Title:
Has enacted and enforced bans or comprehensive restrictions on exposure to alcohol advertising (across multiple types of media)
Definition:
Country has regulatory or co-regulatory frameworks for alcohol advertising through different channels (public service/national TV, commercial/private TV, national radio, local radio, print media, billboards, points of sale, cinema, internet, social media).
Country has a detection system for infringements on marketing restrictions.
This is indicator 6b from the NCD Progress Monitor (https://www.who.int/teams/ncds/surveillance/monitoring-capacity).
Estimation method:
Data is collected through the WHO Global survey on progress on SDG health target 3.5.
This indicator is considered fully achieved if:
• restrictions exist on alcohol advertising for beer, wine, and spirits through all channels; and
• detection system exists for infringements on marketing restrictions.
This indicator is considered partially achieved if there are restrictions on at least public service/national TV, national radio and billboards but no detection system exists for infringements.
Increased excise taxes
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Increased excise taxes
Has increased excise taxes on alcoholic beverages
Latest year: 2022
Full description
×
Increased excise taxes
Latest data available: 2022
Title:
Has increased excise taxes on alcoholic beverages
Definition:
Country has excise tax on beer, wine, spirits.
Country adjusts level of taxation for inflation for alcoholic beverages.
This is indicator 6c from the NCD Progress Monitor (https://www.who.int/teams/ncds/surveillance/monitoring-capacity).
Estimation method:
Data is collected through the WHO Global survey on progress on SDG health target 3.5.
This indicator is considered fully achieved if:
• excise tax on all alcoholic beverages (beer, wine, and spirits) is implemented;
• there are no tax incentives or rebates for production of other alcoholic beverages; and
• adjustment of level of taxation for inflation for beer, wine, and spirits is implemented.
This indicator is considered partially achieved if there is excise tax on alcoholic beverages as specified above.
7
Unhealthy diet reduction measures
×
Salt/sodium policies
Latest data available: 2022
Title:
Has adopted national policies to reduce population salt/sodium consumption
Definition:
Country has implemented national policies to reduce population salt/sodium consumption, including reformulation of food products; establishment of a supportive environment in public institutions to enable lower sodium options to be provided; behaviour change communication and mass media campaigns; and front-of-pack labelling.
This is indicator 7a from the NCD Progress Monitor (https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240047761).
Estimation method:
Official country response to the WHO NCD country capacity survey (https://www.who.int/teams/ncds/surveillance/monitoring-capacity/ncdccs). This indicator is considered fully achieved if the country responds “Yes” to the question “Is your country implementing any policies to reduce population salt consumption?” and to the subquestions “Are these targeted at: product reformulation by industry across the food supply; regulation of salt content of food served in specific settings such as hospitals, schools, workplaces; public awareness programme; front-of-pack nutrition labelling? (must have “Yes” to product reformulation by industry across the food supply and/or regulation of salt content of food, and “Yes” to public awareness programme and nutrition labelling”). Country must also provide the needed supporting documentation.
This indicator is considered partially achieved if the country responds “Yes” to the question “Is your country implementing any policies to reduce population salt consumption?”, and “Yes” to at least one of the four subquestions “Are these targeted at: product reformulation by industry across the food supply; regulation of salt content of food served in specific settings such as hospitals, schools, workplaces; public awareness programme; front-of-pack nutrition labelling?”.
Salt/sodium policies
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Salt/sodium policies
Has adopted national policies to reduce population salt/sodium consumption
Latest year: 2022
Full description
×
Salt/sodium policies
Latest data available: 2022
Title:
Has adopted national policies to reduce population salt/sodium consumption
Definition:
Country has implemented national policies to reduce population salt/sodium consumption, including reformulation of food products; establishment of a supportive environment in public institutions to enable lower sodium options to be provided; behaviour change communication and mass media campaigns; and front-of-pack labelling.
This is indicator 7a from the NCD Progress Monitor (https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240047761).
Estimation method:
Official country response to the WHO NCD country capacity survey (https://www.who.int/teams/ncds/surveillance/monitoring-capacity/ncdccs). This indicator is considered fully achieved if the country responds “Yes” to the question “Is your country implementing any policies to reduce population salt consumption?” and to the subquestions “Are these targeted at: product reformulation by industry across the food supply; regulation of salt content of food served in specific settings such as hospitals, schools, workplaces; public awareness programme; front-of-pack nutrition labelling? (must have “Yes” to product reformulation by industry across the food supply and/or regulation of salt content of food, and “Yes” to public awareness programme and nutrition labelling”). Country must also provide the needed supporting documentation.
This indicator is considered partially achieved if the country responds “Yes” to the question “Is your country implementing any policies to reduce population salt consumption?”, and “Yes” to at least one of the four subquestions “Are these targeted at: product reformulation by industry across the food supply; regulation of salt content of food served in specific settings such as hospitals, schools, workplaces; public awareness programme; front-of-pack nutrition labelling?”.
Saturated fatty acids and trans-fats policies
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Saturated fatty acids and trans-fats policies
Has adopted national policies that limit saturated fatty acids and virtually eliminate industrially produced trans-fatty acids in the food supply
Latest year: 2022
Full description
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Saturated fatty acids and trans-fats policies
Latest data available: 2022
Title:
Has adopted national policies that limit saturated fatty acids and virtually eliminate industrially produced trans-fatty acids in the food supply
Definition:
Country has implemented a policy(ies) to limit saturated fatty acids and virtually eliminate industrially produced trans-fats in the food supply.
This is indicator 7b from the NCD Progress Monitor (https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240047761).
Estimation method:
Official country response to the WHO NCD country capacity survey (https://www.who.int/teams/ncds/surveillance/monitoring-capacity/ncdccs). This indicator is considered fully achieved if the country responds “Yes” to the questions “Is your country implementing any national policies to reduce population saturated fatty acid intake?” and “Is your country implementing any national policies to eliminate industrially produced trans-fatty acids in the food supply?”, and provides the needed supporting documentation.
This indicator is considered partially achieved if the country responds “Yes” to either of the aforementioned questions.
Marketing to children restrictions
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Marketing to children restrictions
Has implemented the WHO set of recommendations on marketing of foods and non-alcoholic beverages to children
Latest year: 2022
Full description
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Marketing to children restrictions
Latest data available: 2022
Title:
Has implemented the WHO set of recommendations on marketing of foods and non-alcoholic beverages to children
Definition:
Country has implemented a policy(ies) to reduce the impact on children of marketing of foods and non-alcoholic beverages high in saturated fats, trans-fatty acids, free sugars, or salt.
This is indicator 7c from the NCD Progress Monitor (https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240047761).
Estimation method:
Official country response to the WHO NCD country capacity survey (https://www.who.int/teams/ncds/surveillance/monitoring-capacity/ncdccs). This indicator is considered fully achieved if the country responds “Yes” to the question “Is your country implementing any policies to reduce the impact on children of marketing of foods and non-alcoholic beverages high in saturated fats, trans-fatty acids, free sugars, or salt?”, and provides the needed supporting documentation.
Marketing of breast-milk substitutes restrictions
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Marketing of breast-milk substitutes restrictions
Has legislation/regulations fully implementing the International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes
Latest year: 2022
Full description
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Marketing of breast-milk substitutes restrictions
Latest data available: 2022
Title:
Has legislation/regulations fully implementing the International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes
Definition:
Country has implemented legislation/regulations that fully implement the International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes.
This is indicator 7d from the NCD Progress Monitor (https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240047761).
Estimation method:
Copies of all laws and regulations on the International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes are compiled by WHO every two years. WHO routinely requests countries to submit copies of Code legislation when they learn of changes. Additionally, copies of legislation were obtained from UNICEF and IBFAN/ICDC and legal databases (Lexis/Nexis and FAO-LEX), EUR-LEX, national gazettes and internet search engines.
This indicator is considered fully achieved if the country is assessed as having national legal measures categorized as “substantially aligned with the Code”, whereby countries have enacted legislation or adopted regulations, decrees or other legally binding measures encompassing all or nearly all provisions of the Code and subsequent WHA resolutions.
This indicator is considered partially achieved if the country is assessed as having national legal measures categorized as “Moderately aligned with the Code” or having “Some provisions of the Code included”, whereby countries have enacted legislation or adopted regulations, decrees or other legally binding measures encompassing at least some provisions of the Code and subsequent WHA resolutions.
8
Public education and awareness campaign on physical activityerror_outline
Public education and awareness campaign on physical activity
Has implemented at least one recent national public awareness programme and motivational communication for physical activity, including mass media campaigns for physical activity behavioural change
Latest year: 2022
Full description
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Public education and awareness campaign on physical activity
Latest data available: 2022
Title:
Has implemented at least one recent national public awareness programme and motivational communication for physical activity, including mass media campaigns for physical activity behavioural change
Definition:
Country has implemented at least one recent (within the past 2 years) national public awareness programme on physical activity.
This is the eighth indicator from the NCD Progress Monitor (https://www.who.int/teams/ncds/surveillance/monitoring-capacity).
Estimation method:
Official country response to the WHO NCD country capacity survey (https://www.who.int/teams/ncds/surveillance/monitoring-capacity/ncdccs). This indicator is considered fully achieved if the country responds “Yes” to the following question: “Has your country implemented any national public education and awareness campaign on physical activity within the past 2 years?” and supporting documents provide clear evidence demonstrating that one or more of the following activities have been undertaken within the past 2 years:
(1) national public-facing mass media education and awareness campaign on physical activity, AND/OR
(2) national promotional initiatives supporting a regional or multi-country physical activity (sports) campaigns aimed at increasing awareness and encouraging participation in physical activity (e.g. European Sports Week, Caribbean Wellness Week), AND/OR
(3) regular promotional days, held across the year, on physical activity either using the same theme (e.g. “car-free” Sundays) or a physical activity theme is clearly linked with the implementation of multiple health promotion days (e.g. World Heart Day, World Diabetes Day). Undertaking a single promotional day per year is not sufficient to fulfil this criteria.
This indicator is considered partially achieved if the supporting documents provide evidence demonstrating that the country has implemented in the past 2 years one or more community-based initiatives or programmes promoting physical activity and/or increasing access to opportunities for physical activity in community settings (e.g. through schools, parks, workplace, health care) but without any evidence of a public-facing mass media education and awareness campaign.
9
Guidelines for management of cancer, CVDs, diabetes and CRDserror_outline
Guidelines for management of cancer, CVDs, diabetes and CRDs
Has evidence-based national guidelines/protocols/standards for the management of major NCDs through a primary care approach, recognized/approved by government or competent authorities
Latest year: 2022
Full description
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Guidelines for management of cancer, CVDs, diabetes and CRDs
Latest data available: 2022
Title:
Has evidence-based national guidelines/protocols/standards for the management of major NCDs through a primary care approach, recognized/approved by government or competent authorities
Definition:
Government approved evidence-based national guidelines/protocols/ standards for the management (diagnosis and treatment) of the four main NCDs – cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer and chronic respiratory diseases.
This is the ninth indicator from the NCD Progress Monitor (https://www.who.int/teams/ncds/surveillance/monitoring-capacity).
Estimation method:
Official country response to the WHO NCD country capacity survey (https://www.who.int/teams/ncds/surveillance/monitoring-capacity/ncdccs). This indicator is based on the number of countries who indicate that national guidelines/protocols/standards exist for all four NCDs (cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer and chronic respiratory diseases).
This indicator is considered fully achieved if national guidelines/protocols/standards exist for all four NCDs (cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer and chronic respiratory diseases), and the country provides the needed supporting documentation.
This indicator is considered partially achieved if the country has guidelines/protocols/standards for at least two of the four NCDs (cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer and chronic respiratory diseases), but not for all four.
10
Drug therapy/counselling to prevent heart attacks and strokeserror_outline
Drug therapy/counselling to prevent heart attacks and strokes
Has provision of drug therapy, including glycaemic control, and counselling for eligible persons at high risk to prevent heart attacks and strokes, with emphasis on the primary care level
Latest year: 2022
Full description
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Drug therapy/counselling to prevent heart attacks and strokes
Latest data available: 2022
Title:
Has provision of drug therapy, including glycaemic control, and counselling for eligible persons at high risk to prevent heart attacks and strokes, with emphasis on the primary care level
Definition:
Country has provision of drug therapy (including glycaemic control for diabetes mellitus and control of hypertension using a total risk approach), and counselling to individuals who have had a heart attack or stroke and to persons with high risk (≥ 30%, or ≥20%) of a fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular event in the next 10 years.
This is the 10th indicator from the NCD Progress Monitor (https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240047761).
Estimation method:
Official country response to the WHO NCD country capacity survey (https://www.who.int/teams/ncds/surveillance/monitoring-capacity/ncdccs). This indicator is based on the number of countries who respond “more than 50%” to the question “What proportion of primary health care facilities are offering cardiovascular risk stratification for the management of patients at high risk for heart attack and stroke?”. Additionally, countries must have said all the following drugs were “generally available” in the primary care facilities of the public health sector: insulin, aspirin, metformin, thiazide diuretics, ACE inhibitors or Angiotensin II receptor blockers (at least one of the two), CC blockers, statins, and sulphonylurea(s).
This indicator is considered fully achieved if the country reports that more than 50% of primary health care facilities are offering cardiovascular risk stratification for the management of patients at high risk for heart attack and stroke and that all drugs listed above were generally available in the primary care facilities of the public health sector.
This indicator is considered partially achieved if the country reports that between 25% to 50% of primary health care facilities are offering cardiovascular risk stratification for the management of patients at high risk for heart attack and stroke and that all of the drugs listed above were generally available in the primary care facilities of the public health sector.